PERSPECTIVE
When we look at photos, we look at 2-dimensional representation of a real 3-dimensional scene. To demonstrate depth and a sense of scale photographers use perspective. It's not that easy to create that "illusion" that makes you think that the image looks 3D. It's all about using a good perspective.
The photos above show different perspectives. They were both shot using a low angle (first one- worm's eye view) but they represent different things. Left picture makes the road look long and wide and you can almost feel and see the train moving towards you. It creates a very good effect and it doesn't look flat at all. Photo on the right is a little bit different because someone has used a fish-eye lens and I like it because of that. You can see how tall the buildings are. Someone also used long exposure and that's how we can see the long lights on the streets.
THE RULE OF THIRDS / GOLDEN SECTION
It's the most important principle of photographic composition. Basically, you have to break an image down into thirds (horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts (they all should be the same size). It helps you place the object you're photographing in the right place. It helps you framing an image and it's very useful.
LEADING LINES
They are used to draw the viewer's eye through a photo, they can also draw your eye to a focal point in the shot. These lines can be wavy, straight or diagonal. There are many variations.
This photo is very good. The corridor is a leading line and it guides you through it to the light at the end of it. The composition is very good but you can also look at other things like the doors at the front. It can distract you a little bit.
When you look at this photo, you can see many lines and they all lead your eye to the tree at the end.
Photos I've taken
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